When colour filming was developed, some directors preferred photographing their films in black and white rather than in colour because black and white required subtle lighting and thus was more artistic and less distracting than colour.
But more importantly, black and white changes a movie thematically, providing atmosphere, tone, and visually providing stark contrasts and a dreamlike view of the world. It can at once make a film feel more real (like time period accurate film and photographs) while making it feel unreal (real life is in colour). However, black and white film is generally less expensive and much easier to develop at home than colour film.
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