The anaerobic conversion of 1 mole of glucose to 2 moles of lactate by fermentation is accompanied by a net gain of 2 moles of ATP.
The chemical breakdown of glucose in the absence of oxygen is called as fermentation. This process is also known as anaerobic respiration.
Under anaerobic conditions, 2 ATP are produced (net) per mole of glucose. 7 ATP are made per mole of glucose in glycolysis aerobically, whereas, Pyruvate is converted to Lactate by the enzyme Lactate dehydrogenase at a cost of 2 NADH (5 ATP) under anaerobic conditions.
Thus, the net gain is 7 ATP - 5 ATP = 2 ATP.
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