Of earth’s spatial relationships, area characteristic is preserved in an equivalent map projection.
These map projection properties are area, shape, distance, and direction. These four map projection properties are described as map projection facets that can be left as is or distorted. Of the four projection properties, area and shape are the primary and considered mutually exclusive.
Whenever coordinates are transformed from 3D angular coordinates to 2D planar coordinates, the spatial relationships are distorted compared to their relationships (measurements) on the ground.
Projections that preserve area are called equivalent maps projections. A map projection either preserves the area everywhere or distorts it everywhere. This is an all-or-nothing property.
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