What is the molecular geometry if you have 4 single bonds around the central atom?

In a tetrahedral molecular geometry, a central atom is located at the centre with four substituents that are located at the corners of a tetrahedron. The bond angles are cos−1(−1⁄3) = 109.4712206...° ≈ 109.5° when all four substituents are the same, as in methane (CH4) as well as its heavier analogues. Methane and other perfectly symmetrical tetrahedral molecules belong to point group Td, but most tetrahedral molecules have lower symmetry. Tetrahedral molecules can be chiral.

The five basic shapes of hybridization are linear, trigonal planar, tetrahedral, trigonal bipyramidal, and octahedral. The geometry of the orbital arrangement: Linear: Two electron groups are involved resulting in sp hybridization, the angle between the orbitals is 180°.

Redistribution of the energy of orbitals of individual atoms to give orbitals of equivalent energy happens when two atomic orbitals combine to form a hybrid orbital in a molecule. This process is called hybridization. During the process of hybridization, the atomic orbitals of comparable energies are mixed together and mostly involves the merging of two ‘s’ orbitals or two ‘p’ orbitals or mixing of an ‘s’ orbital with a ‘p’ orbital as well as ‘s’ orbital with a ‘d’ orbital. The new orbitals thus formed are known as hybrid orbitals. More significantly, hybrid orbitals are quite useful in explaining atomic bonding properties and molecular geometry.

Key Features of Hybridization :

Atomic orbitals with equal energies undergo hybridization.
The number of hybrid orbitals formed is equal to the number of atomic orbitals mixing.
It is not necessary that all the half-filled orbitals must participate in hybridization. Even completely filled orbitals with slightly different energies can also participate.
Hybridization happens only during the bond formation and not in an isolated gaseous atom.
The shape of the molecule can be predicted if the hybridization of the molecule is known.
The bigger lobe of the hybrid orbital always has a positive sign, while the smaller lobe on the opposite side has a negative sign.

Learn more about tetrahedral molecular geometry here : https://brainly.com/question/20274710

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