DNA replication is the process through which cells make copies of the genome's DNA. A cell must first replicate its full genome before it can divide, ensuring that each daughter cell has a complete genome upon division.
What is DNA replication?
- A double-stranded DNA molecule is copied to create two identical DNA molecules through DNA replication. Because every time a cell splits, the two new daughter cells must have the same genetic material, or DNA, as the parent cell, replication is crucial.
- The ability of each DNA strand to function as a template for duplication is essential to the replication process. DNA double helix unwinding occurs at specified locations, known as origins, where DNA replication begins.
- The production of a primer, a brief section of RNA that serves as the beginning point for synthesizing fresh DNA, follows. By matching nucleotides to those on the original strand, an enzyme known as DNA polymerase starts duplicating the DNA. Once synthesis is finished, the RNA primers are switched out for DNA, and any gaps between freshly produced DNA segments are closed by enzymes.
- Since DNA replication is a critical process, the freshly manufactured DNA is proofread by the cell to make sure no errors or mutations are added. Once a cell's DNA has been duplicated, it can divide into two identical copies, each of which has the original DNA.
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