A zoom gradually changes the magnification of an image, as well as the apparent distance between foreground and background planes.
In filmmaking, deep focus refers to a technique in which all elements of an image (foreground, middle ground, background) are in focus.
Depth of field describes the area of focus from front to back of an image, or how sharp and clear that area appears. In terms of depth of field, the foreground, middle and background are sharp.
Lens compression occurs when you take a picture with a telephoto lens, but it's not caused by the lens or its focal length. This is because with a long lens you tend to stand further away from your subject.
The element of the photo closest to you is the foreground. The element furthest from you is the background, and the ground in between is the area in between.
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