The factors that led to the widespread outbreak of the revolutions in 1848 were food shortages, unemployment, and poor working conditions.
CAUSES OF THE REVOLUTION OF 1848
The causes of the Revolution of 1848 varied greatly from country to country. In Western Europe, where there existed a degree of popular representation in government, the revolution was fueled primarily by a demand for expanded representation as well as by economic concerns. In the central and eastern part of the continent, generally governed by more autocratic regimes, revolutionaries emphasized an expansion of individual rights and the introduction of suffrage for at least a part of the population. Romantic nationalism also emerged as a driving force in the revolutionary outbreaks in the Germanic and Italian states. Nationalism of a different sort—fueled by rebellions of subjected ethnic minorities—also underscored the revolutionary outbreaks in the lands of the Hapsburg Empire.
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