Some ways to reduce the agency costs of equity are surveillance and proper reporting limits on dividends.
The disparity in interests between shareholders and management gives rise to the agency's cost of equity. The shareholders will be responsible for paying this expense as long as the management's interests conflict with those of the shareholders. Management could feel pressured to make less-than-ideal choices that don't maximize the firm's value.
There will be a cost involved with any steps used to monitor and stop this. Therefore, the costs incurred by the agency will include both the cost of the poor decision and the costs incurred in supervising the management to stop them from making these choices.
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