Covariance is best described as a feature which allow for the substitution of subtype with its supertype.
When two or more variables that are continuous have common factors, such is termed covariance hence could be positive, negative or zero.
In other words, covariance indicates the relationship of two variables whenever one variable changes. If an increase in one variable results in an increase in the other variable.
Covariance is what gives or shows the joint relationship between two random variables.
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