Utilitarians believe that the morality of an action depends on option (c) i.e, its actual results.
A utilitarian is a person who subscribes to utilitarian principles. Today, these people would be characterized as chilly and calculating, pragmatic, and possibly selfish—since they occasionally put their own enjoyment before the needs of others.
Bobby's decision to purchase his sister, Sally, a car, is an illustration of utilitarianism that demonstrates a person making an individual "good" choice that actually benefits the entire population. Sally needs a car to travel to and from work, so Bobby buys her one.
Utilitarianism offers an alternative to conceptions of natural law, natural rights, or social contract since it rests the legitimacy of the executive branch and the integrity of individual rights on their usefulness.
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