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After each U.S. Census is taken to determine the number of people who live in each state, then states must perform a process called redistricting to establish a number of fixed areas of a representation containing approximately equal population sizes based on their apportioned number in the House of Representatives.
What is redistricting?
Redistricting is the routine practice of changing the boundaries of voting districts to account for population changes. Following the decennial census, several states must redo their congressional and state legislative district borders every ten years. In the modern period of redistricting, all district lines must be reviewed following the census to comply with stringent requirements for population equality and the protection of voting rights.
Why do redistricting at all?
It is required by the Constitution and federal courts. Additionally, it is the just and equitable thing to do. In the past, many states did not redraw their legislative boundaries to account for population changes and expansion. The Supreme Court ruled that the Fourteenth Amendment guaranteed "equality" of voting power and that electoral systems in states that did not distribute voting power based on population were unconstitutional in a series of cases in the 1960s, one of which popularized the phrase "one person, one vote."
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