The amount of excess load that can be imposed on the wing of an airplane depends upon the speed of the airplane.
What is meant by wing loading?
Wing loading in aerodynamics is the ratio of the loaded weight of the aircraft and the area of each wing. It is given as:
W_L = W (weight of the aircraft) / S (gross wing area of the airplane)
The more speed an aircraft gains, the more lift is produced by each unit of wing area.
Thus, with a high value of wing loading the aircraft lands and takes-off at higher speeds with low maneuvering control. Generally, Airliners have high wing loading while smaller airplanes have lower wing loading.
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