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The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, which is abbreviated ELISA, is a test to screen blood for antibodies to the AIDS virus.
The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is the most common HIV tests use blood to detect HIV infection. In this techniques, a patient's blood sample is used to tested for antibodies. Oral fluid may also be used to perform an ELISA collected from the cheeks and gums.
An HIV antibody response can be detected as early as two weeks in a few people and in more than 99.9% of people by 12 weeks. An antibody test at 4 weeks will detect 95% of infections.
Currently licensed ELISA tests have greater than 98% sensitivity and specificity for HIV. Western blot analysis detects antibodies to specific HIV antigens and is best used as a confirmatory test. In spite of the high sensitivity and specificity of both tests, false-positive and false-negative results do occur.
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