1) a. The circuits (d), (e), (g), (i) in which bulbs are connected in series.
b. The circuits (a), (b) (c), (f) and (h) in which bulbs are connected in parallel.
2) a. Out of the circuits given below, the circuits with maximum brightness are (b) and (c).
b. The circuits with minimum brightness are (a) and (d).
What is equivalent resistance?
The resistances when connected in series has the equivalent resistance equal to the sum of all the individual resistances.
1. Given the circuits with bulbs connected in series or parallel. The resistance with series will have same amount of current but different voltage, flowing through it but the bulbs in parallel have divided current but same voltage.
Thus,
a. The circuits (d), (e), (g), (i) in which bulbs are connected in series.
b. The circuits (a), (b) (c), (f) and (h) in which bulbs are connected in parallel.
2. Given all the cells are identical and all the bulbs are also identical.
The power is the measure of brightness of a bulb. The bulbs connected in series will have maximum brightness and in parallel, the brightness is minimum.
Thus,
a. Out of the circuits given below, the circuits with maximum brightness are (b) and (c).
b. The circuits with minimum brightness are (a) and (d).
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