Considering the definition of pH, the pH of a 8.5×10⁻⁴ M HClO₄ solution is 3.07.
Definition of pH
pH is the Hydrogen Potential. It is a measure of acidity or alkalinity that indicates the amount of hydrogen ions present in a solution or substance.
Mathematically, pH is calculated as the negative base 10 logarithm of the activity of hydrogen ions:
pH= - log [H⁺]
The numerical scale that measures the pH of substances includes the numbers from 0 to 14. The pH value 7 corresponds to neutral substances. Acidic substances are those with a pH lower than 7, while basic substances have a pH higher than 7.
pH of HClO₄ solution
An acid that completely dissociates in solution at constant temperature and pressure is called a strong acid. Under these conditions, the concentration of a strong acid is equal to the concentration of hydrogen ions.
HClO₄ is a string acid. So [HClO₄]=[H⁺]= 8.5×10⁻⁴ M. Now, you can replace this value in the definition of pH:
pH= -log (8.5×10⁻⁴ M)
Solving:
pH=3.07
Finally, the pH of a 8.5×10⁻⁴ M HClO₄ solution is 3.07.
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