A functional dependency (FD) is a relationship between two attributes, typically between the primary key and other non-key attributes within a table.
What is the functional dependency?
A constraint between two sets of attributes in a relation from a database is known as a functional dependency. It is a restriction placed on a relationship's two attributes.
Example:
If for every valid instance of X, the value of X uniquely determines the value of Y, then the Y attribute is functionally dependent on attribute X.
Therefore, a functional dependency is just a constant within the table.
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