Question

Li Shimin is better known as Taizong, the second emperor of the Tang dynasty from 626 until his death in 649. An energetic ruler, Tang Taizong played a significant part in the military campaigns that brought his father to the throne as the first emperor of the Tang dynasty. The text below was composed in 648, near the end of his life, and was designed to serve as advice to his successors.

"The country is very large and the responsibility for defending it is huge. Such a huge country cannot be effectively governed by the emperor alone; the responsibility is too great for one man.

Thus, the emperor should give land to relatives in exchange for guarding the outlying provinces. Whether the country is at peace or in danger, they cooperate. Whether the country is thriving or declining, they work together with unity. Both distant and close relations are supported and employed; encroachment and rebellion are prevented."

To what extent did the later leaders of the Yuan Dynasty reflect the advice of the Taizong emperor in the building of their empire? How might the Yuan leaders have better followed Taizong’s advice?

Answer 1

The Yuan Dynasty leaders followed the Emperor's advice in promoting strong social stratification, but they could have done better by creating a decentralization of power.

How did the Yuan Dynasty leaders bring about social decentralization?

• Creating different social classes.
• Promoting different duties and rights to each class.
• Creating different responsibilities for each class.

With social stratification, the Yuan Dynasty was able to individualize the empire, which would allow each social class to be managed according to their needs and abilities.

However, this dynasty centralized power in a few people, who were part of the higher social classes. This generated management problems and neglect at various points in the empires.

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