Here, the letter "Y" refers to transcription, while the letter "Z" refers to translation.
What do you mean by Transcription?
Transcription may be defined as a biological process through which a cell makes a copy of RNA (mRNA) from a segment of DNA. It occurs in the nucleus of the cell.
Translation may be defined as a biological process through which a cell makes proteins with the help of genetic information carried by mRNA. It occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell.
Therefore, here, the letter "Y" refers to transcription, while the letter "Z" refers to translation.
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