The Japanese culture that appealed to Westerners when it reopened its doors to the world in 1853 was Zen Buddhism.
What is Zen Buddhism?
This refers to Mahayana Buddhism which emphasizes the importance of meditation and the use of intuition rather than the study of spiritual texts.
Hence, we can see that as a result of the experience of Zen Buddhism in 1853, the Westerners were surprised and intrigued by this emphasis on the use of meditation and intuition to reach spiritual heights and some began to practice.
Read more about Zen Buddhism here:
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