The two factors that I will include in my list that has helped the US shift to an industrial economy during the Gilded Age are:
Railroads were known to be the top major industry and due to the industrial development, there was massive immigration from Europe and other eastern states which was known to have led to the rapid development of the West.
Urbanization and technological growth is a factor that led to a lot of engineering advances in the industrial age such as the building of bridges, elevators etc. technology such as phones was said to have brought the country closer.
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