Step-by-step explanation:
In India, the first step towards criminal proceeding is an investigation by the police. The investigation is the exclusive domain of the police and can not be curtailed in normal circumstances. The main purpose of an investigation is the identification of the offender so as to serve him with punishment for the crime done by him in accordance with the provisions contained under law. According to Section 156 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, the police have unfettered powers to investigate into a cognizable offence. The term cognizable offence is any act or omission committed by a person under any law in force which is punishable and is considered to be a crime. The police have the authority to arrest any person who has committed a cognizable offence. Beside Criminal investigation, there are other types of investigations which become the part of the life of an investigator. Some of the types of investigation are as follows:
Civil investigation: These are the investigations which are carried on during the civil suits in which violation of law is generally not included and the question of money or property is to be settled;
Negligence investigation: These types of investigations are conducted either by the plaintiff’s counsel to prove the liability of the defendant or by the defendant’s attorney to refute the claims of the plaintiff. It is accomplished by the use of surveillance, interviewing the witnesses;
Corporate investigation: In Corporate investigations the investigator monitors the business of the company and also provides the information about the fraud within or outside the company;
General investigation: It is like an umbrella term including a great variety of investigative activities. These activities may be conducted for different purposes like the determination of the location of witnesses, dishonest employees, fraud etc.
