The context the idea "our doctors and scientists who exalt man's strong muscles..." is related to is "Physical differences between genders and racial groups were used to justify the denial of rights to women and non-Europeans".
In texts, the context refers to the events, conditions, etc. that are part of the background of a text, including the events lived/known by the author that affect the ideas in the text.
This idea about the difference between women and men being supported by doctors and scientists is most likely to eugenics and related events that occurred in the 19th century.
Indeed during this century, the physical features of people including the ones of women and the ones of ethnic communities were used against these populations to limit or deny their rights. Moreover, during this time the idea of women or non-European people being inferior was supported by doctors and scientists.
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