Provide an example of an organism within each of the four main nutritional categories of microbes and describe how each obtains its essential nutrients.
Provide evidence in support of or refuting the following statement: Microbial life can exist in the complete absence of both sunlight or organic nutrients.
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technology that requires high temperatures to reproduce DNA fragments. Explain why the discovery of thermophilic archaea and their associated DNA polymerases was critical to the success of this technique.
Summarize how the electron transport chain functions to produce ATP in a bacterial cell versus eukaryotic cell. Explain whether or not the term chemiosmosis accurately illustrates this process.

Bacteria feed in a number of ways: Heterotrophic bacterial get their energy through consuming organic carbon. Saprophytic bacterial feed on dead organic material, such as decomposing flesh. Parasitic bacteria kill their host, while others help them.

Protozoa are heterotrophs too and feed on other microorganisms or on organic particles.

Algae feeds on the waste materials produced by decomposing materials and the waste of marine animals.

Evidence that microbial life can exist in the complete absence of both sunlight or organic nutrients?

There are some microbial life that can indeed exist in the complete absence of sunlight or organic nutrients but there are also some that cannot.

There are bacteria that live in hot springs and other volcanic water that get their energy from chemicals released as a result of volcanic activity.

A proof of evidence that polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technology that requires high temperatures to reproduce DNA fragments?

The bacteria's DNA polymerase is very stable at high temperatures, which means it can withstand the temperatures needed to break the strands of DNA apart in the denaturing stage of PCR

Summary of how the electron transport chain functions to produce ATP in a bacterial cell versus eukaryotic cell

The whole process of forming ATP from the electron transport chain is known as oxidative phosphorylation. Electrons carried by NADH + H+ and FADH2 are transferred to oxygen via a series of electron carriers, and ATPs are formed. Three ATPs are formed from each NADH + H+, and two ATPs are formed for each FADH2 in eukaryotes.

What is chemiosmosis?

Chemiosmosis is the mechanism by which the synthesis and utilization of the biochemical energy source ATP is regulated

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