The conceptual connections between goodwill, duty and categorical imperative refer to the theory of Transcendental Idealism developed by Imannuel Kant. According to him, the Categorical Imperative corresponds to the way individuals evaluate moral actions and make moral judgments.
The relationship between them occurs according to the theory of goodwill, which relates to human intention and will, which must be to act in accordance with reason to determine the right, which is the duty of individuals.
Therefore, according to Kant, moral law must satisfy the precepts of being universal, impartial and rational, which can be learned by the cognitive processes of human beings.
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