Different phenotypes must exist in equal proportions is NOT one of the conditions that must be met for evolution by natural selection to take place. It depends on the genetic variation in the population.
Genetic variation is a prerequisite for evolution (and consequently natural selection) to occur.
Genetic variation represents the primary matter for which phenotypes are differentially adapted to the environmental conditions in which individuals live.
This process (natural selection) leads to the differential reproduction and survival of the fittest phenotypes.
Learn more about evolution here:
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