10. Fitness depends on the phenotype
11. “Fit” doesn’t always mean biggest, fastest etc. it can also mean health wise. Some people are born with heart conditions or diseases making them in theory “less strong”. It can mean their organs are working better than say someone who is 209 pounds of straight muscle.
12. Organisms more proficient in securing mates are usually of a higher fitness. Therefor a higher rate of producing more offspring
13. Artificial selection is the identification of desirable trainers in plants and animals. Those traits are targeted and enhanced
14. Natural selection is something that isn’t altered while artificial selection is.
15. Adaptation is an organism being able to change to be better suited for the environment they are in.
16. Camouflage is also called cryptic coloration. This is a defense mechanism that some organisms possess to disguise their appearance and can blend in with their surroundings
17. Mimicry is a superficial resemblance of two or more organisms that aren’t related closely. An example of this is how young copperheads wiggle their tail to attract frogs. Their yellow tails crest the illusion of a leaf
18. A vestigial structure is a structure that serves no purpose to the organism anymore through evolution. For example, the human appendix.
19. wings on flightless birds like ostriches
20. No, evolution is not trying to creat the perfect organism, nor is it even able to. Natural selection can only work with the materials it has, it can’t add or subtract anything we “need”. All evolution is, is selecting what variants exist in the population at that time. Overtime (hundreds of thousands of years) a variant might slowly filter out. But no, evolution is not trying to make the perfect organism because it literally can’t.
