If 30 million gallons of milk are being produced, then we know too much milk is being produced.
When the two curves intersect, it means that there is an equilibrium in the market. There is neither a surplus or a scarcity. In the graph, the equilibrium quantity is 28.
When output is greater than equilibrium quantity, there is a surplus. This means that there is too much milk been produced. This would lead to a fall in the price of milk. When output is less than equilibrium quantity, there would be a scarcity. This would drive prices up.
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