The government has passed many school accountability measures that reward schools if their students score highly on standardized tests. Suppose schools respond by manipulating the set of test-takers to increase average scores. This outcome is an example of a(n):

Respuesta :

This outcome is an indirect effect because the the schools are responding to the government by manipulating test scores.

What is an indirect effect?

This happens when another variable has another effect on the outcome of  another variable through what is known as the mediators.

We can see that the government wants to increase the students performance through what they are proposing, but the schools have an indirect effect through the manipulation that they do.

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