This outcome is an indirect effect because the the schools are responding to the government by manipulating test scores.
This happens when another variable has another effect on the outcome of another variable through what is known as the mediators.
We can see that the government wants to increase the students performance through what they are proposing, but the schools have an indirect effect through the manipulation that they do.
Read more indirect effect here:
https://brainly.com/question/12003614