The gel below shows a result of the experiment you designed using the DNA of three different individuals (S1-S3). It also shows a negative (C-) and a positive (C ) control, as well as a DNA marker. Why did S2 have three bands

Restriction enzymes recognize specific nucleotidic sequences. The molecule with no recognition site will not be digested. Individual S2 probably had molecules with the recognition site and others with a different sequence.

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A restriction enzyme is a degradative polymer that recognizes and cuts up specific nucleotide sequences in DNA.

Restriction enzymes can produce cohesive cuts or blunt (abrupt) cuts, depending on the recognition sites.

The frequency in which the restriction enzyme will produce the cuts depends on the recognition sequences and the number of bases that compose them.

So restriction enzymes cut DNI molecules into different short sequences of varying lengths.

These pieces are called minisatellites and exhibit the existing variation from one person to the next.

These short sequences can be separated by using gel electrophoresis and will express a pattern of differentiation.

When the nucleotidic sequence of the DNA molecule does not include the recognition site, the enzyme will not cut this fragment. The enzyme does not digest this molecule.

Since the negative control does not have a recognition site, it is not digested by the enzyme.

The positive control is digested, meaning that these molecules carry the recognition site.

Probably DNA molecules from individual S1 do not have the recognition site either.

The enzyme recognizes the sequence in DNA from individual S3 and cuts it into two fragments.

The lane of Individual S2 includes both options: digested and not digested DNA. This means that the sample taken from this individual included DNA

⇒ carrying the sequence, and

⇒ not carrying the recognition sequence.

So enzymes digest molecules carrying the recognition sequence, and the other ones remain undigested.

Probably, individuals S1 and S3 are h0m0zyg0us, while individual S2 is heter0zyg0us.

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