In the gel electrophoresis lab, you determined the genotype of three different DNA samples.
Gel electrophoresis is a process that allows you to separate fragments of DNA based on size. You place different size fragments of DNA into a gel, then apply current to the buffer surrounding the gel, the DNA will travel through the gel but move at different speeds based on the different fragment sizes. Larger fragments of DNA will move slower than smaller fragment sizes.
Let consider two different alleles:
The bigger allele happens to contain a restriction site that is allowed to be cleaved by a restriction enzyme while the smaller allele has a mutation in the restriction site that means that it will not be recognized and cleaved by that same restriction enzyme.
Let us remember that the person will have two copies of this gene and can be:
An individual with h0m0zyg0us AA only have versions of the gene that will be cut by the restriction enzymes, each allele producing a small fragment of DNA and a medium-size fragment of DNA
An individual with the genotype aa only has the version of the gene that does not have the restriction site and therefore does not get cut by the restriction enzyme. The DNA sample from this individual will have a single larger fragment of DNA.
When you isolate DNA from heterozygous Aa, half of the DNA isolated has the allele with the restriction site that gets cut into two fragments while the other half will have the allele that does not have the restriction site and remains whole when a restriction enzyme is added.
Therefore, we can conclude that in the gel electrophoresis lab, you determined the genotype of three different DNA samples.
Learn more about gel electrophoresis lab here:
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