According to historical records, the promise to Sun Yat-sen that Yuan Shikai broke is that "He promised to continue forming a democracy but instead returned China to an imperial government."
In 1911, it was on record that Sun Yat-sen sent a telegram to Yuan Shikai to promise that Yuan would form a republic (a form of democracy) and then give the position of president to Sun Yat-sen, which he agreed.
However, as a Minister of Defense, Yuan Shikai reneged on the promise, disbanded the Quin dynasty in 1912, and made himself the Emperor of China between 1915 to 1916.
Hence, in this case, it is concluded that the correct answer is option C. "He promised to continue forming a democracy but instead returned China to an imperial government."
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