According to the Coase theorem, private parties can negotiate an efficient solution in the presence of externalities if the transaction costs are relatively low.
When Jeremy, Francis, and Andrew are part of Mu Epsilon Nu, a college fraternity known for its very loud, rambunctious weekend parties and the parties annoy many of the residents in nearby apartment complexes due to the loud music and blaring neon lights, it illustrates an example of an external cost.
An external cost simply means the cost that is incurred by an individual or firm as a result of the economic transactions of another entity.
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