Considering the available options, the movement that was not a precursor to the common school movement led by Horace Mann is the "Maria Montessori school movement."
This is because the Maria Montessori school movement was conducted in 1907. This movement was conducted far after the common school movement led by Horace Mann in the early 1800s.
On the other hand, the Robert Raikes Sunday school movement was conducted in 1780, while the Joseph Lancaster Monitorial school movement was conducted in 1803.
Hence, in this case, it is concluded that the correct answer is option C. "Maria Montessori school movement."
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