Question

Compare and contrast the pattern of inheritance of complete heterochromia with Mendelian patterns.

Answer 1

In Mendelian inheritance single genes code for each trait, expressing complete dominance. In non-mendelian inheritance, many genes interact to express a phenotype. Complete heterochromia is inherited by polygenic inheritance.

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Mendelian Inheritance pattern - Complete dominance

• Traits that are inherited by the Mendelian pattern, express complete dominance and are coded by a single gene.

• This single gene can be diallelic or triallelic or have more alternative forms. Let us think about a diallelic gene.

• When the dominant allele completely masks the expresion of the recessive allele, we talk about complete dominance.

• This is the case of individuals that are heter0zyg0us for a particular gene and express the dominant trait.

Non-Mendelian inheritance pattern

• Inheritance modes that do not follow the complete dominance pattern.

• These are incomplete dominance, codominance, pleiotropy, epistasis, polygenic inheritance, sex linkage, gene linkage.

• Traits might be coded by more than one gene, that can interact in varying manners to express the phenotype.

• Complete heterochromia refers to a mutation in which one eye expresses one color, while the other one expresses another color.

• Eye color follows a polygenic inheritance -non-mendelian pattern-.

Polygenic inheritance

When the expression of a phenotypic trait depends on the additive effect of a series of genes, we talk about quantitative heritability.

Polygenic heritability occurs when a trait results from the interaction of more than one gene. And these genes can also have more than two alleles.

The action of many genes and alleles can cause many different combinations that are the reason for genotypic graduation.

Quantitative traits are those that can be measured, such as longitude, weight, eggs laid per female, among others.

These characters do not group individuals by any precise and clear categories. Instead, they group individuals in many different categories that depend on how the genes were intercrossed and distributed during meiosis.

The result depends on the magnitude in which each allele contributes to the final phenotype and genotype.

When they interact, they create a gradation in phenotypes, according to the level of contribution.

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