Question

Researchers in New York City did a study on ice cream sales and murder rates in the city. This graph was included in the results.


After seeing this graph as a picture with the headline “Ice cream sales cause murder rates to increase” shared on social media by her best friend’s second cousin, the president of a prominent HOA in the Hamptons decided to petition to ban the sale of ice cream so that people would stop being murdered.
Compare and Contrast what you see on the graph.

Was the HOA president right for doing so? What other factors could have contributed to both the rise in ice cream sales and murders? Is this an example of correlation or causation?

Answer 1

Answer:

The HOA board president is vested with the same powers typically given to the chief executive officer of a corporation. This office should be the authority on the rules and laws that govern the board, handle procedural duties, and serve as the spokesperson for business matters.

When two or more variables correlate, you may be tempted to conclude that the correlation is due to a relationship between the variables. In this instance, there's no connection between ice cream and homicide at all: the causation is actually between temperature and ice cream, and temperature and homicide.

Step-by-step explanation:

Answer 2

• The graph shows a strong association between ice cream sales and murder  rate.
• The HOA president was wrong in assuming increase in ice cream sales is the cause for increased murder rate.
• A factor that could contribute to the rise of both ice cream sales and murder rate is temperature.
• This is an example of correlation.

Recall:

• Correlation shows an association between two variables.
• The relationship showed depicts an association between two variables that are correlated but may not necessary establish a cause-and-effect.

Thus, from the scenario cited given the graph, ice cream sales rate correlates with murder rate. This shows a strong association between both rates. However, it does implies a causation.

• Therefore, the HOA president was wrong to have assumed sales of ice cream is a factor that causes increase in murder rate.

• A possible factor that may be responsible for increase in murder  rate and ice cream sales is temperature.

• Thus, it is an example of correlation.

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