in order to test the effects of a new drug, you isolate the messenger rna molecules from both treated and untreated eukaryotic cells and separate them according to size, using gel electrophoresis. in each lane of the gel, the shorter rna molecules migrate more quickly through the gel and end up near the bottom of the gel, whereas the longer rnas migrate more slowly and remain near the top.

Because RNA molecules from untreated cells have different sizes, while RNA molecules from treated cells have the same size, the correct option is A. These results suggest that the drug affects RNA processing.

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Available data:

Lane 1: the primary RNA transcripts isolated from the nucleus of untreated cells

Lane 2: the primary RNA transcripts isolated from the nucleus of cells treated with the drug being tested

Lane 3: RNA isolated from the cytosol of untreated cells

Lane 4: RNA isolated from the cytosol of cells treated with the drug being tested

Now, let us remember the maturation process of the RNA molecule.

⇒ preRNA molecules are the first RNA transcribed

⇒ This molecule possess long intermediate sequences called introns that do not codify proteins. They also have the encoding sequences are called exons.

⇒ Introns and exons alternate in the molecule, and the limit between them is called the splice site.

⇒ During the process of maduration, snRNA connects all the exons extremes of the preRNA, splicing out the introns. They remove the sequences that are not useful during the protein synthesis.

⇒ This removal occurs before the RNA leaves the nucleus. Once the introns are excised the exons join to form the unique mature mRNA.

⇒ This process is known as the splicing mechanism and turns preRNA into mRNA.

Finally, let us analyze the results.

In lanes 1 and 2, the molecules are placed in the same position. This result suggests that all primary RNA transcripts have the same size, so they migrated to the same spot in the gel.

Lane 3 shows three different migration positions. This result expresses differential migration between RNA molecules, meaning they have different sizes.

Lane 4 shows only one migration position, indicating that these molecules have the same size.

Primary RNA migrating to the same gel position in the treated and untreated cells, suggests that these molecules were not affected by the drug.

RNA in the cytosol migrating differently in the treated and the untreated cells indicates that the drug is affecting these molecules.

Knowing that RNA molecules from the untreated cell have different sizes, and the molecules from the treated cell have the same size, we can assume that the drug interferes in the process of RNA maturation.

Options:

A. These results suggest that the drug affects RNA processing. CORRECT

B. These results suggest that the drug digests DNA. INCORRECT

C. These results suggest that the drug inhibits DNA replication. INCORRECT

D. These results suggest that the drug contains a protease that targets this gene product. INCORRECT

E. These results suggest that the drug inhibits post-translational processing of this gene. INCORRECT

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