When crossing two parents with one dominant and one recessive version of an allele, we can confirm using a punnet square that the probability of producing an offspring with both recessive alleles is 25% or 1 in every 4 offspring.
A punnet square is a tool used by genetic scientists and students in order to estimate the probability of certain outcomes when mating parents with specific alleles. In order to complete a punnet square, you draw a square with 4 internal sections, and place the alleles of each parent on the perimeter, then combine them within the grid.
After completing enough punnet squares, one begins to notice a pattern. Any time you are combining two parents, each with one dominant and one recessive allele, the probability of obtaining an offspring with both recessive alleles is 25%. The chance of obtaining a genetic makeup similar to the parents is 50%, and the chance of obtaining both dominant alleles is again 25%.
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