Question

Two cars crash in a head-on collision and come to a stop. The crash analysts created the data table
below based on their observations from the scene. Based on their findings, what can be concluded
about the impact forces experienced by each vehicle?
Vehicle A
Vehicle B
Impact time
0.01 sec
0.01 sec
Mass of vehicle
3000kg
1000kg
velocity before impact
10 m/s
- 30 m/s
The impact force for Vehicle A was the same as the impact force for Vehicle B
The impact force for Vehicle A was greater than the impact force for Vehicle B
The impact force for Vehicle A was equal and opposite to the impact force for Vehicle B
The impact force for Vehicle A was less than the impact force for Vehicle B

Answer 1

The impact force for vehicle A was equal and opposite to the impact force for vehicle B.

The given parameters;

Vehicle A:

• impact time of vehicle A,  t = 0.01 s
• mass of vehicle  A, m = 3000 kg
• velocity of vehicle A before impact, v = 10 m/s

Vehicle B:

• impact time of vehicle A,  t = 0.01 s
• mass of vehicle  A, m = 1000 kg
• velocity of vehicle A before impact, v = -30 m/s

The impact force for vehicle A is calculated as follows;

$F = ma = \frac{mv}{t} = \frac{3000 \times 10}{0.01} = 3,000,000 \ N$

The impact force for vehicle B is calculated as follows;

$F = ma = \frac{mv}{t} = \frac{1000 \times -30}{0.01} = - 3,000,000 \ N$

Thus, we can conclude that the impact force for vehicle A was equal and opposite to the impact force for vehicle B.

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