Oceanographers collect a sediment core from the pelagic Southern Ocean looking for evidence of the Eocene-Oligocene glaciation, which occurred 34 million years ago. Which of the following would provide strong evidence
that they found this event?

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Answer:

Strong evidence would be a sudden disappearance of calcareous sediment.

The sudden disappearance of calcareous sediment will provides evidence of Eocene-Oligocene glaciation

The Options to this question includes (a) A sudden disappearance of calcareous sediment, (b) A sudden increase in the concentration of cosmogenous sediments (c)  A thick layer of hydrogenous sediments (like gypsum) (d)  Relatively large sediment particles compared to the older, previously deposited sediments

Let understand that Glaciation refers to the formation of glaciers which includes accumulation of crystalline ice, snow, rock etc

Calcareous sediment forms and its remains deposit in a shallow marine environment by marine organisms.

Now, during the process of glaciation, the entire water freezes, that is, the lake or ocean is also biologically dead, thus, no calcareous sediments continue to be deposited and will disappear suddenly.

Therefore, in conclusion, the disappearance of calcareous sediment will indicates glaciation and serves as evidence of the Eocene-Oligocene glaciation.

Read more about Glaciation here

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