The data present in the table shows an alteration in the pigmentation of plants grown in environments of different temperatures and humidity. This allows us to infer that there is an interaction between the environment and the aspect of the plants.
The experiment depicted by the data in the table shows that it was comprised of 4 variables:
- The humidity
- The Temperature
- The color of the plants
- The genes present in each seed.
As per the first option that states that color in this species of plant is determined only by genes, we can immediately consider this statement to be false given that the data in the table directly contradicts this claim. The data in the table shows a clear correlation between plant color and the environment and therefore renders option one incorrect.
Options 2 and 3 provide specific assumptions as to the genetic makeup of the plants and exact hereditary patterns. Though these assumptions may turn out to be true, it is not something that can be determined from the data in this table.
We can not assume that mutations occur at low temperatures because we are not given the value of the genes shown and therefore do not know which of the scenarios corresponds to the normal outcome and which shows a mutation.
Therefore it may very well be true to say that the mutations occur at high temperatures rather than lower ones. Options 2 and 3 are false.
Finally, option four provides the only sound choice of conclusions. This option states that there is an interaction between heredity and the environment. This means that the environment in which a seed is planted directly affects the genes that are expressed.
This is the only sound conclusion given that it does not give specifics but instead makes a broad assumption that can be easily corroborated by the evidence listed in the table.
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