The replacement of lysine and arginine amino acids by phenylalanine and tyrosine residues would render a decondensed chromatin state where DNA would be unable to interact with the histones of the nucleosomes.
- The deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a double helix molecule composed of two long chains of nucleotides. In DNA, both strands are connected by noncovalent bonds between nucleotides in opposite strands, called hydrogen bonds.
- The DNA molecule is negatively charged due to the presence of phosphate groups in each nucleotide.
- Moreover, histones (H2A, H2B, H3, H4) are proteins that associate with DNA to form nucleosomes and thus condense the DNA molecule into more compacted configurations (e.g., chromatin fibers).
- Histone proteins are highly basic proteins due to the presence of positively charged lysine and arginine residues that contact the phosphate groups and/or bind to the minor and major grooves of DNA.
- Moreover, phenylalanine and tyrosine are uncharged residues, and therefore these amino acids cannot establish strong interactions with the DNA molecule.
Hence, the replacement of lysine and arginine amino acids by phenylalanine and tyrosine residues would render a decondensed chromatin state where DNA would be unable to interact with the histones of the nucleosomes.
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