I'm confused on how to create ratios

Example:
Latoya's Recipe is 9:20
2 1/5 parts cranapple juice
1 4/5 parts lemonade
i know you add to the total, 4
then the lemonade as a whole is 9
but how do you know to get the four to a 20?
when in
Parker's Recipe is 7:12
2 1/2 parts cranapple juice
3 1/2 parts lemonade
you add, 6
then you get 7,
but to get to 12 you instead of multiplying?
how do you know which to do when or just how do get ratios?