The economic principle that is being exemplifyed is opportunity cost.
In economic theory, opportunity costs refer to the costs of an action when the losses that are due to the action excluding other simultaneous actions are recognized.
Opportunity cost is a term used in microeconomic theory. It is the value of the costs lost in a situation where one chooses the next best alternative over the best. It is the loss of a potential when other choices are made. Thus, this can also be understood in a broader sense than just monetary. Used, for example, in health economics in connection with economic evaluation.
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