Please HELP!!!!!!!! 50 pts!
The article talks about two main ways to define life. One definition focuses on self-organization and self-maintenance. The other definition focuses on self-replication and evolution. Which definition of life are viruses definitively excluded from? Why are they excluded from this definition? How does the author defend the exclusion of viruses from the other definition as well?

Article:
http://max2.ese.u-psud.fr/publications/2009-NRM-viruses.pdf