A sensor is an artificial embodiment of what in biology is called a sense. It receives and processes those senses in an artificial way.
Most sensors are electronic or mechanical, but software and 'virtual' sensors are also possible. With a sensor, a machine perceives the environment or can collect information that can be used to control processes in industry and computer science. A sensor measures a physical quantity. The quantities are in the following domains: radiation, pressure, temperature, magnetism, level, movement, light intensity, chemistry. Sensors convert the measured quantity into a standardized control signal for further processing.
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