a. In order to answer the question of how oil refineries interact with other spheres and biotic/abiotic components if humans suddenly disappear, there is a need to understand what an oil refinery is and what it does.
Oil refineries are otherwise known as petroleum refineries and are plants where crude oils are separated or refined into their useful components. There are different units in a typical refinery and many of these will remain non-functional without humans.
Refineries are typically built on land (the lithosphere) but their exhausts and other components interact directly with air (the atmosphere) causing environmental pollution, climate change, ect. If humans suddenly disappear, the following scenarios would most likely happen:
- The refineries will cease to work.
- Their pollution of the environment (abiotic components such as soil, air, etc) will cease.
- They will become colonized with successions of plants/animals (the biotic components) with time.
b. Oil refineries are usually built on land, hence, an oil refinery is part of the lithosphere.
c. Biotic components refer to the living factors such as the living organisms in the environment while abiotic factors refer to non-living factors such as soil, topography, etc of the environment. Since the oil refinery is non-living, it can only be categorized as an abiotic factor in our planet.
More about the oil refinery can be found here: https://brainly.com/question/13433904
