Respuesta :
Answer: plz mark as brainliest spent a lot of time for this question
Increasing economic activities in developing countries result in more energy and
consumption demand, which generally lead to environmental degradation. There is a
conventional belief that such environmental degradation would resolve as soon as these
countries grow economically since that would enable them to afford environmental
friendly technology as well as pro-environmental regulations and policies.1
However,
several studies indicated that many developing countries already equipped with
environmental policies, legal frameworks and economic instruments, which are regarded
as highly sophisticated by international standards (Huber et al, 1998, Fujisaki et al, 1997)
and yet face the worsening of environmental conditions. Major difficulties these countries
confront are not only the lack of legal and economic framework for environmental
protection, but also lack of participation among general public in pro-environmental
behaviours.2
Moreover, there are increasing needs for such public participation due to the
recent change in sources of environmental problems. Today, the sources of pollution have
shifted from production to consumption processes. The Human Development Report of
1998 (UNDP) affirms this trend and states that growth in consumption and unbalanced
consumption patterns 3
are placing unprecedented pressure on the environment. In this
light, the acceptance of pro-environmental behavior by general public, that is, to adopt
sustainable life style, is an urgent issue in protecting environment.
The participation of citizen can complement existent legal and economic
instruments, which are facing shortage of institutional, managerial and financial
capabilities for enforcement. The increase of participation of citizen means that legal
frameworks would be more respected and economic mechanisms would be more
accepted thus increase their effectiveness. However, it remains unclear what can cause
the participation of people in environmental actions. In this paper, hypothesis is
established that more environmental awareness means more environmental behavior and
intends to answer the two following questions: What can induce people to participate in
the pro-environmental behavior? How people’s behavior can be changed in more pro environmental way?
This paper attempts to discuss the role of environmental awareness and its
effectiveness in changing people’s behavior by reviewing previous works.
Pro environmental behavior is defined as an environmental conscious behavior such as green
buying, recycling and car-pooling.
The Human Development Report of 1998 by the United Nations Development Programme reports
that the increasing world consumption which has now reached $ 24 billion a year, 6 times more than that of
1950.
8
The review of major works on environmental awareness is organized into the
following order:
1) Review of the major trends on environmental public opinions;
2) review of the major hypothesis on environmental public opinion and socioeconomic factors;
3) review of the major studies on scale of values and world view;
4) review of the major studies that link awareness and behaviour; and finally,
5) conclude by mentioning further research possibilities and policy implications
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