Originally, the periodic table was ordered by atomic weight, but there were some problems with this order for some particular cases.
In 1913 Moseley proposes to use the atomic number (number of protons of the atom) to order the elements in the periodic table. There are some motives to do this, each element has a different number of protons, and if you add one proton to the nucleus, you get the next element in the periodic table.
This also relates to the x-ray diffraction of the elements (as the number of protons increase, also do the numbers of electrons, thus the energy of the x-rays also increases). At the moment this was the best way to order the periodic table, but in recent years some problems were found, but at the moment, there does not exist a "better" periodic order.
Concluding, the correct option is "atomic number".
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