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Organisms use energy to survive, grow, respond to stimuli, reproduce, and for every type of biological process. The potential energy stored in molecules can be converted to chemical energy, which can ultimately be converted to kinetic energy, enabling an organism to move.

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Energy is required for the cells to carry out their metabolic functions. Moreover, information (genetic information) is also fundamental to synthesize and regulate biomolecules required for the cells to carry out their functions.

  • All cells need energy to carry out their metabolic functions. i.e., to live, grow, and reproduce.

  • Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the energy coin of the cell because this molecule provides releasable energy in the bonds between phosphate groups.

  • For example, the energy released by the hydrolysis of ATP is used to synthesize biomolecules, endocytosis, exocytosis, cell motility, cell contraction, etc.

  • The information stored in the sequence of the Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecule is used to synthesize structural and enzymatic proteins (as well as other cellular components) which are required to carry out cellular functions.

  • Moreover, the information stored in DNA is also required to regulate the expression of genes involved in protein synthesis.

In conclusion, energy and information (genetic information) are both fundamental to carry out cellular functions.

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