Answer:
Framing effects.
Explanation:
Framing effect in psychology is the cognitive bias whereby an individual makes decisions based more on the information presented than on one's own choice. In other words, when someone makes a decision that is influenced more by the effects of the information on others than on one's own opinions.
In the given scenario, Josh's decision to have tiramisu only when others are having dessert and not if he would be the only one having dessert is affected by the framing effect. This is because his decision is influenced by the way others behave rather than his desire to eat even his favorite dessert.
Thus, the correct answer is the framing effect.